Monday 7 November 2016

Kabul of the West

Although I have a knack for finding stories
on the real situation in Greece, most people
haven't a clue. It also helps if you sorta live
there.

It's as if the Germans have dropped an
anti-economy bomb in the center of Athens
and most everyone has scattered towards
the suburbs to wait for the next directive.

The only reason why the West has not
noticed much is incredible industriousness
of the Greeks. They recognise a war when
they see one. Usually because it's led by
the Germans. Germany robbed Greece's
savings twice in the 20th c, and are witnessing
the first one of the 21st c.

Locals are hunkered down waiting to be
liberated, and burning their chairs in their
wood stoves, in the dark.

However, Illargy seems to always get it
right. He recognises that Germany is
lying about saving Greece, and is instead
saving German banks for another day, as
they are too big to bail.

More later and Prof Blyth's new perspectives
coming soon.

check this: zerohedge

Exposing The "Outrageous Malevolence" Of The European Leaders 
Tyler Durden's picture by Tyler Durden Feb 13, 2017 5:00 AM 128 SHARES Twitter Facebook Reddit Submitted by Raul Ilargi Meijer via The Automatic Earth blog, Earlier this week I was talking in Athens to a guy from Holland, who incidentally with a group of friends runs a great project on Lesbos taking care of some 1000 refugees in one of the camps there. But that’s another topic for another day. I was wondering in our conversation how it is possible that, as we both painfully acknowledged, people in Holland and Germany don’t know what has really happened in the Greek debt crisis. Or, rather, don’t know how it started. That certainly is a big ugly stain on their media. And it threatens to lead to things even uglier than what we’ve seen so far. People there in Northern Europe really think the Greeks are taking them for a ride, that the hard-working and saving Dutch and Germans pay through the teeth for Greek extravaganza. It’s all one big lie, but one that suits the local politicians just fine. By accident(?!), I saw two different references to what really happened, both yesterday in the UK press. So let’s reiterate this one more time, and hope that perhaps this time someone in Berlin or Amsterdam picks it up and does something with it. There must be a few actual journalists left?! Or just ‘ordinary’ people curious enough, and with some intact active neurons, to go check if their politicians are not perhaps lying to them as much as their peers are all over the planet. What I’m talking about in this instance is the first Greek bailout in 2010. While there are still discussions about the question whether the Greek deficit was artificially inflated by the country’s own statisticians, in order to force the bailout down the throats of the then government led by George Papandreou, there are far fewer doubts that the EU set up Greece for a major league fall just because it could, and because Dutch, French, German politicians could use that fall for their own benefit. The reason to do all this would have been -should we say ostensibly or allegedly?-, to get Greece in a situation where the Germans and the French could abuse the emergency they themselves thus created, to transfer the Greece-related bad debts of their banks to the EU public at large, and subsequently to the Greek public, instead of forcing the banks to write these debts down. That is still the core of the Greek problem to this day. It’s also the core problem with the IMF’s involvement: the fund’s statutes prescribe it should have insisted on writedowns long ago, from the very first moment it got involved. The bailout, as Yanis Varoufakis repeats below, was not -and never- meant to help Greece. Instead, it was meant to do the exact opposite, to enable Europe’s richer countries -and their banks- to escape the only just punishment for reckless lending practices, by unloading their debt onto the Greek people. Varoufakis Accuses Creditors Of Going After Greece’s ‘Little People’ Former Greek finance minister Yanis Varoufakis [..] said that the country has been put on a fiscal path which makes everyday life “unsustainable” in Greece. “The German finance minister agrees that no Greek government, however reformist it might be, can sustain the current debt obligations of Greece,” he said. Earlier in the day, Wolfgang Schäuble told German broadcaster ARD that Greece must reform or quit the euro. “A country in desperate need of reform has been made unreformable by unsustainable macroeconomic policies,” Mr Varoufakis said. He said that “instead of attacking the worst cases of corruption, for six years now the creditors have been after the little people, the small pharmacists, the very poor pensioners instead of going for the oligarchies”. Greece in 2010 was given a huge loan that Mr Varoufakis said was not designed to save the bankrupt country but to “cynically transfer huge banking losses from the books of the Franco German banks onto the shoulders of the weakest taxpayers in Europe”. The Financial Times, in a rare moment of lucidity, and with an unintentionally hilarious headline, puts its fingers on that same issue, as well as a few additional sore spots, and with admirable vengeance and clarity: Conflict Over Athens’ Surplus Needles The IMF This week the enduring problem of Greece took a new and disturbing turn. It was revealed that the executive board of the IMF is split on the question of what fiscal surplus Greece should be required to hit — which in itself will affect whether it needs official debt relief to reach sustainable growth. [..] the fact that the fund admitted a division between its member countries is significant. European nations are over-represented on the board relative to their size in the global economy. Wielding that power to dissuade the fund from demanding debt relief from eurozone governments is a clear conflict of interest and poses a threat to the fund’s credibility and independence. [..] The fund, which over the years has come to take a more realistic view of Greece’s debt sustainability, has dug its heels in and said it will not continue to participate without further reductions in the burden. This leaves eurozone countries, particularly Germany, in a quandary. Berlin insists it will not continue with the rescue without the involvement of the IMF but it fiercely opposes the debt writedown that the fund is demanding. The point at issue is the fiscal surplus Greece is required to hit. The IMF says that reaching and maintaining a primary surplus of 1.5% of gross domestic product is sufficient; the eurozone wants an improbable 3.5%. [..] The European directors on the board, who want the IMF to agree to the higher fiscal surplus number, are undoubtedly conflicted by having an eye on the effect on their own governments having to write down debt. Forthcoming elections in the eurozone, including Germany and France, mean that the political as well as economic cost of being seen to give in to Greece is considerable. Greece’s own government has also been shaken by the conflict, and through its intransigence, the eurozone may force yet another change of administration, with the Syriza government being replaced by the centre-right opposition. At the margin, that may result in Greece being offered a slightly better deal than under the current administration. But short-term political manoeuvring is a terrible way to try to set Greece on a path to long-term debt sustainability and economic stability. Right from the beginning of the Greek crisis in 2010, the political need to shield first their banks and investors, and then their taxpayers, has warped the response of eurozone governments. They have consistently signed up to hugely over-optimistic growth and surplus targets rather than accepting the need for more external finance and, if required, debt writedowns. The rest of the IMF’s membership should be prepared to overrule the recalcitrant Europeans. The complaints of a self-interested cabal cannot be allowed to get in the way of Greece’s best interests. Eurozone governments have behaved poorly on this issue. They deserve to be defeated. First of all, to put Greece and ‘sustainable growth’ together in one sentence is as preposterous as it is to do the same with Greece and ‘surplus’. But more importantly, the FT is right in just about every word here. Europe de facto decides what the IMF does. So despite all the recent conflicts between the Troika members (though they reportedly just announced they agreed on what to dictate to Greece over the weekend), it’s really all EU (i.e. Germany, France) all the time. Greece never stood a chance, and neither did justice. The point about upcoming elections in Holland, France and Germany gets more important by the day. Since former EU parliament chief Martin Schulz left that post to head the ‘socialist’ SPD in Germany’s elections, he’s seen his poll numbers soar so much that Merkel and Schaeuble are getting seriously nervous about their chances of re-election. Like in all countries these days, certainly also in Europe, their knee-jerk reaction is to pull further to the right. Which is the opposite of setting the record straight with regards to. As for Dijsselbloem, Schaeuble’s counterpart as finance minister for Holland, his Labor Party (PVDA) -yes, that twit claims to be a leftie- is down so much in the polls that you have to wonder where he gets the guts -let alone the authority- to even open his mouth. PVDA has 38 seats in the Dutch parliament right now and are predicted to lose 27 of them and have just 11 left after the March 15 vote, taking them from 2nd largest party to 7th largest. And out of power. And he still heads the eurogroup, including in the negotiations with Greece and the IMF?! It’s a strange world. Dijsselbloem proudly proclaimed this week that without the IMF being involved in the next bailout, Holland wouldn’t ‘give’ Greece another penny anymore. Think Dijsselbloem and Schaeuble don’t know what happened in 2010? Of course they do. They know better than anyone. It’s simply better for their careers -or so they think- to further impoverish the entire Greek nation and the poorest of its citizens than it is to come clean, to tell their people the whole story has been based on dirty tricks from the start. And since their media refuse to tell the truth, too, the story will last until at least after their respective elections. Thing is, Dijsselbloem will be out of a political job by March 16, so what’s he doing, setting himself up for a juicy job at one of the banks whose debts were transferred to Greek pensioners in 2010? No conscience? Perhaps Greece’s best hope is, of all people, Donald Trump. Yeah, a long shot if ever you saw one. But Trump can overrule the IMF board simply because the US is the biggest party involved in the fund. He can tell that divided board to get its act together and stop harassing a valuable NATO member. At least he has the business sense to understand that a country with 23% unemployment -and that’s just the official number- and 50-60% youth unemployment cannot recover no matter what happens, and that sustainable growth, any kind of growth, is an impossibility once you take people’s spending power away. Meanwhile, elite and incumbent Europe seems to think that publicly agitating against Trump is the way to go (they may come to regret that stance, and a stance it all it is). Trump’s apparent choice for EU ambassador, economist Ted Malloch, was accused by European Parliament hotshots Weber and Verhofstadt -in a letter, no less- of “outrageous malevolence” towards “the values that define this European Union”, for saying the Union needs ‘a little taming’. For some reason, they don’t seem to like that kind of thing. “Outrageous malevolence”, we’re talking Nobel literature material here. Malloch also said EU president Juncker was a “very adequate mayor, I think, of some city in Luxembourg.” And that he “should go back and do that again.” And Malloch said on Greek TV this week that Greece should have left the eurozone four years ago. “Why is Greece again on the brink? It seems like a deja vu. Will it ever end? I think this time I would have to say that the odds are higher that Greece itself will break out of the euro.” Why would he say that? How about because of the numbers in this by now infamous graph, straight out of the IMF itself, which shows EU countries have conspired to plunge one of their fellow “Union” member states into a situation far worse than the US was in during the Great Depression? Would that do it? And we haven’t even touched on the role that Goldman Sachs plays in the entire kerfuffle, with its fake loans and derivatives, yet another sordid tale in this Cruella De Vil web of power plays spun by incompetent petty men. And Americans think they got it bad… Guess that Goldman role makes it less likely for Trump to interfere in Greece’s favor. Which would seem a bad idea, for everyone involved, not least of all because of rising tensions with Turkey over islands and islets and rocks (I kid you not) in the Aegean Sea. It would be much better and safer for Trump, and for all of Europe, to make sure Greece is a strong nation, not a depressed and demoralized penal colony for homeless and refugees. That is asking for even more trouble. But nary a soul seems to be tuned in to that, it’s all narrow windows, short term concerns and upcoming elections. No vision. Or perhaps Merkel will do something unexpected. Word has it that Greek finance minister Tsakalotos is meeting with Angela this weekend, a move that would seem to bypass Schaeuble, who once again said yesterday that Greece can only get a debt writedown if it leaves the eurozone. And that’s something Merkel is not exactly keen on. If only because it means unpredictability, volatility, not a great thing if your popularity as leader is already on shaky ground. But to summarize, the Greek people didn’t do this. Of course plenty of Greek citizens borrowed more money than they should have in the first decade of the millenium, stories about credit cards in people’s mailboxes with a ‘free’ €5000 credit on them are well known in Athens. But they were by no means the ones who profited most. And the country has a long history of corruption and tax evasion. Which is what the French and German banks ‘cleverly’ played into as their politicians acted like they had no idea. Still, none of that comes even close to a reason or an excuse for completely eviscerating a fellow member of both the EU and NATO. And it makes little sense. Do these people really want to risk peace in the eastern Mediterranean, or inside Greece itself (which will inevitably explode if this continues), just in order to keep Commerzbank or BNP Paribas out of the trouble they rightfully deserve to be in? No, it’s not Tim Malloch’s ‘statements that reveal’ “outrageous malevolence” towards “the values that define this European Union”. It’s the actions of the European Union itself that do.

The Great Bank Wars 2008-onward

Usually when a company goes bankrupt, they only have
themselves to blame or maybe an economic collapse was
the reason.

In the case of Greece, we know what has caused 6 years
of depression. It's the banks that Germany and France used
to sell bonds to Greece so that these countries could bribe
Greek politicians into buying their homemade tanks and
bridges and so on.
Those banks could not be expected to take the fall for
their stupidity. They pulled out of the "common market"
by pushing their respective governments into screwing
Greece. That's not "Communal" or even slightly "Commun-ist"

Well, those banks were made whole by the ECB, so
that every European is paying off these banks' mistakes.
The only
other thing to settle is the fact that Greece is in a
never-ending downward spiral that has led, through
some God-sized miracles, to a delay in house
repossessions, which have only started recently.

It's still a disaster. Only a war could have such an
effect. Folks whose lives were normal, were one
day ruined, irrevocably. Because Germany said so.
It's a different kind of war. Well, the EU now has
Brexit to deal with, and here's hoping they choke
on it.

checkit: http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/30/world/europe/greece-economic-crisis-homeowners.html


Greek Homeowners Scramble as Repossession Looms: ‘It’s Like a Horror Movie’
By NIKI KITSANTONISOCT. 29, 2016
Even after retiring as an accountant, Michalis Hanis dutifully kept up with the mortgage payments on the small house in a suburb of Athens where he has lived for 23 years. That was until several years ago, when Greece’s economic crisis hit. As part of belt-tightening measures demanded by Greece’s creditors, the government cut his pension by 35 percent. Like his country’s debts, his debts grew. Now he has joined the tens of thousands of Greeks fighting to save their homes as a sudden wave of repossessions has struck this year, prompting mounting protests across Greece. “It’s like a horror movie,” said Mr. Hanis, 63, who takes antidepressants and sleeping pills to cope. “You can never relax. I just want to protect my home.” Continue reading the main story Related Coverage Explaining Greece’s Debt Crisis JUNE 17, 2016 I.M.F. Assessment Hints at Internal Struggles OCT. 20, 2016 Greek Lawmakers Pass Additional Austerity Measures SEPT. 27, 2016 Premier of Greece, Alexis Tsipras, Accepts Creditors’ Austerity Deal JULY 13, 2015 ADVERTISEMENT Continue reading the main story The country’s creditors have pressed the government to allow the auction of delinquent debtors’ properties, collecting billions of euros that could be used to prop up tottering Greek banks. Greek banks hold 108 billion euros, or about $119 billion, in bad loans, just under half of all loans given out. Of these, 41 percent are delinquent mortgages. The real challenge is to address the problem of bad loans in a way that offers some hope to debtors like Mr. Hanis but does not undermine the banking system. That circle may be impossible to square. The country has been given three international bailouts worth more than €300 billion over the past six years, but it cannot recover if its banks are foundering. Since signing the third bailout package in the summer of 2015, Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras has less leverage to push back against his creditors. Critics say he has made concession after concession despite pledges to protect homes. Government officials have insisted that homes are safe. Giorgos Stathakis, the economy minister, said in a statement that “first homes are already protected as regards debts to banks.” The authorities, he added, are also “examining further intervention for debts exclusively to the state,” meaning debts like unpaid taxes. Yet in the spring, the government lifted a ban on the sale of delinquent mortgages and loans to small businesses. In the summer, new laws were passed that allowed banks to initiate foreclosures if debtors are regarded as uncooperative. Greeks are furious and feel betrayed. In a campaign reminiscent of citizens’ initiatives in Spain a few years ago, Greek homeowners and their supporters have been staging demonstrations against auctions across the country. Every Wednesday, when foreclosure auctions are held, protesters gather outside Greek courts, blocking access to legal staff, barging into courtrooms and, on occasion, clashing with the riot police. Among those protesting are groups like the left-leaning Repossessions Stop and Den Plirono (I Won’t Pay), as well as right-wing groups. Stefanos Grigorakis of the United Pan-Popular Front, a nationalist group, joined one recent Wednesday protest outside the Athens county court. He said the government’s reassurances were disingenuous. “It’s deception, so people sit back on their couches,” he said. “Greeks have to wake up. They handed over the public wealth,” he added, referring to the government’s plans for state privatizations. “Now they’re coming to take our houses.” Such protests have blocked dozens of repossessions in recent weeks. Auctions began in September, when Greek lawyers returned to work after a nine-month strike over cuts to their pensions. In a speech in Parliament this month, Mr. Tsipras defended his government’s efforts to protect homeowners. He said there had been only 500 repossessions this year and none in 2015, when his leftist Syriza party came to power, compared with thousands under previous governments. Greek notaries and the association of Greek borrowers said the numbers were higher, though they did not have exact figures. The head of the borrowers’ association, Vangelis Kritikos, said about 50,000 properties would be up for repossession next year. “People are panicking,” he said. “Every day we get about 500 calls.”...

Francois Hollande, Helleniste

It's refreshing to know that after 6 years of
economy-destroying economic depression
brought on by a bankocracy that nobody
defended Greece, ever, not even for a minute.

It does take a monumental charlatan to even
try to imply that you were Greece's saviour
by claiming that you protected Greece
somewhat from the big bad Germans. That,
my friends is the realm of Francois Hollande
the French Prez.

We didn't need a wikileak to tell us what we
suspected all along. It turns out Hollande has
verbal diarrhea when somebody offers to
write a book about him. He just can't seem
to shut his yap.
I've seen it reported that he will face an
impeachment process because he admitted
to the book writers some things which is
potentially incriminating. Talk about not
being able to put a plug in it.


Anyway, the Hollande also mentioned that
he screwed Greece like every other of the 17
countries in the Eurozone. Of course, he is
paying the price for his treason towards
the non-German EU populace. His country
was forced to pass a new labour law over
the heads of parliament, to appease those
same big bad Germans. I hope the French
people spread that shame on the croissants.

checkit:
  http://www.latribune.fr/economie/union-europeenne/grece-francois-hollande-et-sa-fausse-legende-608394.html
Grèce : François Hollande et sa fausse légende
Par Romaric Godin | 17/10/2016, 14:03 | 1999 mots
François Hollande a-t-il sauvé la Grèce ? François Hollande a-t-il sauvé la Grèce ? (Crédits : POOL) Dans le livre de confidences paru la semaine dernière, François Hollande se dresse un portrait de "sauveur de la Grèce". La réalité pourrait être différente. Derrière le bruit médiatique qui s'est concentré depuis la sortie du livre de « confidences » du président de la République sur les « gaffes » de l'hôte de l'Elysée et ses «erreurs de communication », il convient de ne pas oublier que l'essentiel de l'ouvrage vise bien à construire l'image d'un président en action, dans toute la splendeur et l'étendue de son pouvoir. Nulle part cet effort n'est si visible que dans les pages consacrées à la politique étrangère, et en particulier à la troisième crise grecque du premier semestre 2015. Sauveur de la Grèce, le storytelling de l'Elysée Intitulé « le facilitateur », ce chapitre de 14 pages* dresse le portrait en pied d'un François Hollande arbitre de l'Europe, capable de retenir la furie destructrice d'Alexis Tsipras, le premier ministre hellénique, et de Wolfgang Schäuble, le ministre allemand des Finances. Le chef de l'Etat français aime se présenter comme « protecteur » du chef du gouvernement grec. Les deux journalistes auteurs de l'ouvrage soulignent ainsi sa « mansuétude » envers Alexis Tsipras (qu'ils comparent avec celles, coupable à leurs yeux, qu'il a adopté envers Christiane Taubira et Emmanuel Macron), de son « acharnement » à maintenir la Grèce dans la zone euro. On le voit batailler avec Angela Merkel pour que « tout faire pour maintenir la Grèce » dans l'union monétaire. Ce discours, soutenu tant par les auteurs que par le président, n'est pas étonnant. Il est la « version officielle » française des événements depuis que, au petit matin du 13 juillet 2015, Alexis Tsipras a signé une capitulation complète devant ses créanciers, faisant replonger le pays dans la crise et dans l'assujettissement le plus complet. Selon le Château, qui en vend la version à qui veut bien l'entendre, c'est la France qui a stoppé l'Allemagne dans sa volonté de chasser les Grecs de la zone euro. Les deux auteurs rendent donc l'image d'un président gonflé d'orgueil d'avoir l'impression, sur ce dossier grec, de « faire l'histoire ». Du reste, eux-mêmes, présents dans les bureaux dorés de l'Elysée, avouent cette « impression légèrement grisante d'observer l'histoire en marche ». Jamais la connivence entre le monarque et ses secrétaires « embusqués » n'est aussi forte que sur ce dossier. Jamais l'admiration du chef de l'Etat n'y est aussi palpable. Mais si l'on y regarde de plus près, ce portrait élogieux du « sauveur des Grecs » apparaît fort contestable. Mépris et réalisme Premier élément. Si François Hollande est très soucieux « d'avoir la position la plus proche des Allemands », il montre un mépris ouvert et constant envers « l'ami grec ». « François Hollande, semble s'adresser à un petit frère un peu trop dissipé », notent les auteurs. Plus loin, ils soulignent que le président français « assume parfaitement ce rôle de grand frère ». Mais les deux journalistes évoquent aussi l'attitude de « proviseur compréhensif » de l'élève Tsipras. Elève de quelle leçon ? Mais celle du « réalisme », bien sûr. Le réalisme consiste pour l'Elysée à faire de la politique en ne changeant absolument rien. Rester donc à tout prix dans la zone euro, quel qu'en soit le prix, mais tenter de présenter un storytelling qui « sauve la face ». « Tsipras entend sauver à la fois son pays... et les apparences », expliquent les auteurs en décryptant le discours présidentiel. Clichés désolants Mais ce qui frappe par-dessus tout, c'est l'incompréhension complète de la situation grecque. François Hollande ne semble pas saisir l'enjeu du succès de Syriza, qui s'appuie sur la défaite absolue de la stratégie menée par les Européens depuis 2010 en Grèce, sur la protection de l'oligarchie pendant l'austérité, sur le désastre social qu'il a causé et sur le sentiment d'humiliation des actes de la Troïka. Pas un mot de tout cela dans la bouche d'un président qui, en 2012, tout fraîchement élu, avait appelé les Hellènes à voter contre Syriza, donc pour le parti conservateur Nouvelle Démocratie d'Antonis Samaras. Pire même, le président français ne peut saisir que, si la Grèce a sa part de responsabilité, les déséquilibres de la zone euro ont conduit au désastre et que, de ce fait, tout le monde a sa part de responsabilité. Et doit donc prendre sa part de fardeau. François Hollande refuse d'entendre la réalité grecque, jamais il n'évoque l'idée d'un assouplissement des exigences ou un plan « actif » de reconstruction économique du pays. Il impose à la malheureuse Hellade sa propre réalité, faite de clichés désolants de Grecs rétifs aux impôts, au travail non déclaré et aux retraites à 50 ans et d'une dette immense (dont il oublie de préciser qu'elle vient principalement désormais des crédits accordés par les Européens). Dès lors, la situation est simple : Alexis Tsipras doit accepter les « réformes » et les demandes de ses créanciers pour sauver sa place dans la zone euro. La faute est grecque, la Grèce doit payer. Tout en « sauvant les apparences ». Avec de tels amis, la Grèce n'a guère besoin d'ennemis. Accepter l'alternative allemande Les faits l'ont confirmé. François Hollande a accepté « par réalisme » de discuter des conditions d'une expulsion de la Grèce de la zone euro avec Wolfgang Schäuble. Dès lors, il en acceptait la possibilité et participait à la stratégie allemande en acceptant un « plan B » fondé sur cette expulsion. Il est un peu piquant de voir par la suite l'hôte de l'Elysée s'émouvoir d'une éventuelle demande à la Russie d'impression de drachmes de la part de la Grèce, alors que lui-même travaille à chasser la Grèce de la zone euro. Il est de même assez étonnant de voir François Hollande et ses hagiographes expliquer « qu'à force de persuasion, la France va réussir à éviter le pire », puisque ce « pire » même est une option acceptée par la France. Si Paris avait refusé une expulsion qui, par ailleurs n'est nullement prévue dans les traités, si elle avait usé de son influence pour « changer de logique », ce « pire » n'eût pas été possible. En acceptant l'option de l'expulsion, la France tirait dans le pied des Grecs, puis se réjouissait qu'on ne leur eût pas tiré dans la tête. La France passive Le récit des deux auteurs est, du reste, assez étrange. A les lire, dans les jours qui ont suivi le référendum perdu par les créanciers, le 5 juillet 2015, c'est la France qui a aidé, grâce à une « mise sous tutelle française de l'administration grecque » et à sa « force de persuasion », Athènes à demeurer dans la zone euro. Rien n'est moins juste. Alexis Tsipras a paniqué après la victoire du « non » : il ne s'est pas vu assumer un dernier combat qu'il a jugé perdu d'avance. Il a alors espéré que l'appui français lui permettrait de faire une proposition « acceptable ». 10 fonctionnaires ont été envoyés à Athènes, mais la proposition « française » (une réplique à peine durcie de celle rejetée par les Grecs le 5 juillet) a été rejetée par l'Eurogroupe du 11 juillet ! Ce jour-là, Wolfgang Schäuble et ses alliés ont relevé les mises et imposé de nouveaux critères, notamment un « fonds de privatisation » de 50 milliards d'euros (chiffre absolument irréaliste) et une mise sous tutelle étroite des finances publiques grecques. C'est cette « proposition » du 11 qui va être la base de discussions du 12 et qui sera, à peine aménagée, acceptée le 13 par Alexis Tsipras. François Hollande n'a contribué - s'il a vraiment agi - qu'à négocier quelques détails de cette proposition allemande « punitive ». La France a alors permis à Angela Merkel de « vendre » à son opinion publique le maintien de la Grèce dans la zone euro. Quant à la Grèce, elle a, grâce à son « ami français » pu repartir avec un troisième mémorandum qui a mis encore à genoux son économie défaillante et qui a mis son gouvernement sous une tutelle humiliante. Sans que le gouvernement grec ne parvienne, comme promis le 13 juillet 2015, à ouvrir de vraies négociations sur sa dette publique. Depuis, la France a continué à accepter la position extrêmement dure de l'Eurogroupe, sans vraiment la modifier. Un détail, sans doute, dont ne parlent pas les deux auteurs. La France absente à l'Eurogroupe Au reste, même l'attitude « bienveillante » de la France face à la Grèce durant les négociations est peu convaincante. En quoi François Hollande a-t-il joué le rôle de « facilitateur » ? Le chapitre débute sur une scène où le président français assure Alexis Tsipras du soutien de la France avant l'Eurogroupe du 9 mars 2015. A ce moment, la Grèce prépare un plan de réforme suite à l'accord du 20 février. L'accord doit être validé le 9 mars et la crise pourrait alors s'apaiser. « Il y a un Eurogroupe lundi et nous pourrons peut-être agir », explique alors François Hollande. Mais ce que les deux auteurs ne relèvent pas, c'est que, ce 9 mars, l'Eurogroupe va refuser tout plan grec et, cela, pendant deux mois. L'Eurogroupe réclame des baisses de pension. La France ne s'oppose pas à cette demande. Elle ne tente pas « d'agir », elle ne joue aucun rôle de facilitateur. A lire les deux auteurs, la Grèce est alors restée immobile. « Tsipras tarde à produire ses réformes », explique François Hollande en avril qui tenterait de « réfréner les ardeurs belliqueuses » du Grec. Problème : de mars à mai, la Grèce multiplie les plans de réformes qui sont systématiquement rejetés par un Eurogroupe qui veut obtenir la baisse des pensions, signe final de la capitulation politique du gouvernement grec. Et la France soutient cette politique. Loin d'être « facilitateur », François Hollande a soutenu les objectifs politiques de l'Eurogroupe et a placé le gouvernement grec devant une alternative : sortir de l'euro ou capituler. Miser sur les mauvais chevaux Enfin, dernier point, de détail, celui-là. François Hollande donne deux conseils à Alexis Tsipras : s'appuyer sur l'OCDE et sur Jean-Claude Juncker. Le problème, c'est que c'était miser sur deux mauvais chevaux. La décision n'était pas à la Commission, qui a été entièrement mise sur la touche pendant les négociations, mais à l'Eurogroupe. En demandant à Alexis Tsipras de s'appuyer sur la Commission, François Hollande demande à Bruxelles de faire ce qu'il refuse de faire lui-même : apaiser l'Eurogroupe alors même que la France siège à cet Eurogroupe... Quant à l'OCDE, la Grèce s'est beaucoup appuyée effectivement sur cet organisme, notamment pour rejeter les demandes de l'Eurogroupe. L'obsession de l'Allemagne François Hollande fait donc mine d'oublier qu'il est acteur - passif, s'entend - du blocage entre la Grèce et ses créanciers. En réalité, il le sait et finit par le reconnaître : plus que son « amitié » pour la Grèce, le président français sauve « sa » relation avec l'Allemagne. « Si les Allemands me lâchent, c'est fini », avoue-t-il. C'est là le résumé de toute sa politique européenne. Un peu plus loin, il résume encore son rôle de « facilitateur » : il ne s'agissait pas de faire comprendre aux Allemands et aux Grecs leurs divergences et de les rapprocher. Il s'agissait de « faire comprendre aux Grecs » qu'il faut bien accepter les priorités définies par Berlin. François Hollande ne doit donc pas s'étonner que son rôle dans la crise grecque n'ait guère redoré blason. C'est que, malgré les tendances hagiographiques du livre, la France de François Hollande a été la malédiction de la Grèce plus encore que son « sauveur ». * Gérard Davet & Fabrice Lhomme, "Un président ne devrait pas dire ça", Stock, pages 499-512.